The science of how (and when) we decide to speak out—or self-censor
摘要
言论自由是健康民主的基石，也常成为威权势力的压制目标。社交媒体模糊了公私言论的边界，新技术如人脸识别和审核算法为压制异议提供了工具。研究者在《美国国家科学院院刊》发表论文，探讨了人们在表达意愿与恐惧惩罚之间的权衡机制。研究背景包括社交媒体平台审核政策的分化，例如微博公开“不当言论”用户的IP地址，使其易受针对。
Freedom of speech is a foundational principle of healthy democracies and hence a primary target for aspiring authoritarians, who typically try to squash dissent. There is a point where the threat from authorities is sufficiently severe that a population will self-censor rather than risk punishment. Social media has complicated matters, blurring traditional boundaries between public and private speech, while new technologies such as facial recognition and moderation algorithms give authoritarians powerful new tools.
Researchers explored the nuanced dynamics of how people balance their desire to speak out vs their fear of punishment in a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors had previously worked together on a model of political polarization, a project that wrapped up right around the time the social media space was experiencing significant changes in the ways different platforms were handling moderation. Some adopted a decidedly hands-off approach with little to no moderation. Weibo, on the other hand, began releasing the IP addresses of people who posted objectionable commentary, essentially making them targets.
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