Thunder + fiber-optic cabling used for seismic imaging
摘要
宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究团队提出，可利用雷暴产生的“雷震”信号进行地下结构成像。雷声部分能量传入地壳上层，但其地震信号极为复杂。该团队构建了新模型以解析这些复杂信号，并成功利用它重建了校园下方的地形。这一方法介于等待天然地震与主动使用炸药震源之间，为特定区域的地震成像提供了新选项。
Most of what we know about the Earth's interior comes from observing seismic waves. These travel at somewhat different speeds depending on the details of the rock they're moving through—whether it's solid or semi-molten, how much water is present, whether it's fractured or solid material, and so on. Get enough data from enough seismic events, and you can start piecing together a picture of what's present at different depths below the surface.
In many cases, we can get this data from naturally occurring events like earthquakes. In others, we intentionally create waves using things like explosives, providing the opportunity to do imaging in specific areas without needing to wait for an earthquake. Now, a team of scientists at Penn State suggests there's a potential option that sits between waiting for an earthquake and triggering your own seismic event: thunderstorms.
Some of the energy carried by thunder enters the Earth's upper crust, triggering what are termed "thunderquakes." But, for various physical reasons, the seismic signals are extremely complex, making it difficult to extract clear signals from them. The Penn State team says it has finally constructed a model that can help make sense of this complexity and used it to reconstruct the terrain under the local campus.
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