Have physicists finally discovered glueballs? New evidence points to yes.
摘要
北京谱仪III实验的物理学家发现了支持胶球存在的新证据。胶球是一种完全由胶子组成的复合粒子，是量子色动力学直接预测的粒子物理标准模型理论产物。相关预印本已发布于arXiv，并在国际高能物理会议上报告。胶子传递强核力，将夸克束缚成质子和中子。尽管希格斯玻色子已填补标准模型空白，但胶球是否存在仍是未解之谜。此次新证据为这一长期理论预测提供了有力支持，但结论仍需进
Physicists with the Beijing Spectrometer III (BES III) experiment have uncovered convincing new evidence of the existence of so-called glueballs, an elusive composite particle made entirely of gluons predicted by quantum theory. The results appeared in a preprint posted to arXiv last month and were also presented last week at the International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP).
All the stuff we see around us is made up of quarks held together by gluons (carriers of the nuclear strong force) to form protons and neutrons, which comprise the core of every single atom. The Higgs boson, discovered in 2012 after decades of searching, was widely touted as the final missing piece of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. But there are still plenty of unanswered questions, including whether or not glueballs really exist. They should, if the Standard Model is correct; they're a direct prediction of quantum chromodynamics, i.e., the theory of the strong nuclear force. There should even be several kinds of glueballs.
As Matthew Francis wrote for Ars in 2015:
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